Automatic lineaments mapping and extraction in relationship to natural hydrocarbon seepage in Ugwueme, South-Eastern Nigeria
Abstract
The study focus on the integration of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for identification and delineation of lineaments in relation to natural hydrocarbon seepage, which occur in Ugwueme, South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this objective, remotely sensed data (ASTER Digital Elevation Model and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS) were used to depict the surface expression of faults, folds and fractures which are expressed in the form of lineaments. The global positioning system (GPS) was also used for ground verification. The geology map of the study area, which is elucidated in the geology of Nigeria was used to show the distribution of rocks and other geologic structures. The delineation of lineament features was done automatically with the PCI Geomatica while the Rock ware was used to generate the Rose diagram for demonstration of the direction of the extracted lineaments. The classification of the lineaments density and the lineaments intersection analysis were categorized as very low, low, moderate, high and very high classes respectively. Areas classified as very high to high lineaments density are potential zone, which act as conduits for hydrocarbon seepage. The result shows that a total lineament frequency of 947 km and a total lineament length of 946 km were delineated from the satellite data. The result further shows that areas with high lineaments density are concentrated in the southwest, south, central and northern part of the study area while areas with low lineament density were found within the eastern part of Ugwueme. The Rose diagram highlight the major trend in the (NE-SW), (N-S) and (NW-SE) directions, and the minor trend in the (W-E) direction. These directional trends depict the directions of lineaments which act as conduits zones for hydrocarbon seepage in the region. The overall findings of the study shows that lineament density, lineament intersection and rose diagrams are concepts applicable in hydrocarbon oil and gas seepages.
Keyword : Digital Elevation Model, lineaments, lineament density, lineament intersection, Rose diagram
How to Cite
Enoh, M. A., Okeke, F. I., & Okeke, U. C. (2021). Automatic lineaments mapping and extraction in relationship to natural hydrocarbon seepage in Ugwueme, South-Eastern Nigeria. Geodesy and Cartography, 47(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.3846/gac.2021.12099
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Magesh, N. S., Chandrasekar, N., & Soundranayagam, J. P. (2012). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, using remote sensing, GIS and MIF techniques. Geoscience Frontiers, 3(2), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.10.007
Magowe, M., & Carr, J. R. (1999). Relationship between lineaments and ground water occurrence in Western Botswana. Ground Water, 37(2), 282–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00985.x
Mallast, U., Gloaguen, R., Geyer, S., Rodiger, T., & Siebert, C. (2011). Semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remote sensing data and the derivation of groundwater flow-paths. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 8, 1399– 1431. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-1399-2011
Manghany, M., Mansor, S., & Hashim, M. (2009). Geologic mapping of the United Arab Emirates using multispectral remotely sensed data. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2009.476.480
Moawad, B. M. (2008). Applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems in geomorphological studies: Safaga-El Quseir area, Red Sea, Egypt as an example. VDM Verlag Dr Muller.
Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. (2010). The Geological map of Nigeria, Abuja. https://ngsa.gov.ng/geological-maps/
Nigerian Population Commission. (2006). 2010 Projection.
O’Leary, D. W., Friedman, J. D., & Pohn, H. A. (1976). Lineament, linear, lineation: some proposed new standards for old terms. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87(10), 1463–1469. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1463:LLLSPN> 2.0.CO;2
Ojoh, K. A. (1992). The southern part of Benue Trough (Nigeria) Cretaceous stratigraphy, basin analysis, paleo-oceanography and geodynamics evolution in equatorial domain of the South Atlantic. The Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists Bulletin, 7, 131–152.
Okeke, F. I., & Enoh, M. A. (2016). Analyzing the effect of hydrocarbon seepage on vegetation in Ugwueme town, Awgu Local Government Area of Enugu State using Normalized Differencing Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold classification method. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education, 2(2), 2454–6119.
Okeke, H. C. (2006). Elemental and physicochemical analysis of crude oil extract from Ugwueme tar sand deposit. https://www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals/the%20nigerian%20academic%20forum/Okeke80.pdf
Okieimen, C. O., & Okieimen, F. E. (2005). Bioremediation of crude oil- polluted soil: effect of poutry droppings and natural rubber processing sludge application on biodegrading of petroleum hydrocarbons. Environmental Sciences, 12(1), 1–8.
Onyedim, G. C., & Ocan, O. O. (2001). Correlation of SPOT imager lineaments with geological fractures in parts of Ilesha area, southern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 37, 15–22.
OSGOF. (2019). Office of the Surveyor General of the Federation. Abuja, Nigeria. https://osgof.gov.ng/
PCI Geomatica. (2015). Users’ manual.
Reyment, R. A. (1965). Aspects of the geology of Nigeria (pp. 48– 60). University of Ibadan Press.
Sabins, F. (1997). Remote sensing: principles and interpretation (2nd ed.). Freeman.
Schumacher, D. (1999). Surface geochemical exploration for petroleum. In Treatise of Petroleum Geology handbook (pp. 18–27). American Association of Petroleum Geologist. https://doi.org/10.1306/TrHbk624C19
Shi, P. L., Fu, B. H., & Ninomiya, Y. (2010). Detecting lithology features from ASTER VNIR – SWIR multispectral data in the arid region: A case study in the Eastern Kalpin uplift, Southern Tian Shan. Chinese Journal of Geology, 45(1), 333–347.
Simpson, A. (1954). The Nigerian coalfield: The geology of parts of Onitsha, Owerri and Benue provinces. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Nigeria, 24.
Solomon, S. (2003). Remote sensing and GIS: Applications for groundwater potential assessment in Eritrea [PhD thesis]. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Information System, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Thannoun, R. G. (2013). Automatic extraction and geospatial analysis of lineaments and their tectonic significance in some areas of Northern Iraq using remote sensing techniques and GIS. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering, 2(2), 1–11.
Tweed, S. O., Leblanc, M., Webb, J. A., & Lubczynski, M. W. (2007). Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments, southeastern Australia. Hydrogeology Journal, 15, 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0129-x
USGS. (2019). United States Geological Survey database. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
Viessman, M., Harbaught, T. E., & Knapp, J. W. (1972). Introduction to hydrology. Education publishers.
Vittala, S., Govindaiah, S., & Gowda, H. H. (2005). Evaluation of groundwater potential zones in the sub-watersheds of north Pennar river basin around Pavagada, Karnataka, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 33(4), 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990733
Wang, J., & Howarth, P. J. (1990). Use of the Hough transform in automated lineament detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(4), 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1990.572949
Yeh, H.-F., Cheng, Y.-S., Lin, H.-I., & Lee, C.-H. (2016). Mapping groundwater recharge potential zone using a GIS approach in Hualian River, Taiwan. Sustainable Environment Research, 26(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2015.09.005
Awadh, S. M., Al-Ameri, T. K., Jassim, S. Y., & Bayraktutan, M. S. (2010). Fluid inclusions usage assessing oil migration in Duhok, North Iraq. Positioning, 1, 42–49. https://doi.org/10.4236/pos.2010.11005
Carter, R. W. (1988). Coastal environments: an introduction to the physical ecological and cultural systems of coastlines (pp. 335– 346). Academic.
Casas, A. M., Cortés, A. L., Maestro, A., Soriano, M. A., Riaguas, A., & Bernal, J. (2000). LINDENS: A program for lineament length and density analysis. Computers & Geosciences, 26(9–10), 1011–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00017-0
Enugu State University of Science and Technology. (2018). Rain data. Geography and meteorology Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
Google Earth. (2015). https://earth.google.com/web/
Gupta, R. P. (2003). Remote sensing geology (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05283-9
Han, L., Liu, Z., Ning, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2018). Extraction and analysis of geological lineaments, combining a DEM and remote sensing images from the northern Baoji loess area. Advances in Space Research, 62(9), 2480–2493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.07.030
Hashim, M., Misbari, S., & Pour, A. B. (2018). Landslide mapping and assessment by integrating Landsat-8, PALSAR-2 and GIS techniques: a case study from Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 46(2), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-017-0675-9
Hobbs, W. H. (1904). Lineaments of the Atlantic border region. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 15(1), 483–506. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-15-483
Hung, L. Q., Batelaan, O., & de Smedt, F. (2005). Lineament extraction and analysis, comparison of LANDSAT ETM and ASTER imagery. Case study: Suoimuoi tropical karst catchment, Vietnam. Proceedings of SPIE, 5983. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.627699
Jordan, G., & Schott, B. (2005). Application of wavelet analysis to the study of spatial pattern of morphotectonic lineaments in digital terrain models. A case study. Remote Sensing of Environment, 94(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.08.013
Jordan, G., Meijninger, B. M. L., van Hinsbergen, D. J. J., Meulenkamp, J. E., & van Dijk, P. M. (2005). Extraction of morphotectonic features from DEMs: Development and applications for study areas in Hungary and NW Greece. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7(3), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2005.03.003
Khan, S. D., & Glenn, N. F. (2006). New strike-slip faults and litho-units mapped in Chitral (N. Pakistan) using field and ASTER data yield regionally significant results. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(20), 4495–4512. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600721830
Koch, M., & Mather, P. M. (1997). Lineament mapping for groundwater resource assessment: A comparison of digital Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and stereoscopic Large Format Camera (LFC) photographs in the Red Sea Hills, Sudan. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18(7), 1465–1482. https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697218223
Kogbe, C. A. (1975). The cretaceous and Paleogene sediments of southern Nigeria. In C. A. Kogbe (Ed.), Geology of Nigeria. University of IEE Press.
Kratt, C., Calvin, W. M., & Coolbaugh, M. F. (2010). Mineral mapping in the Pyramid Lake basin: Hydrothermal alteration, chemical precipitates and geothermal energy potential. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114(10), 2297–2304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.05.006
Leblanc, M., Leduc, C., Razack, M., Lemoalle, J., Dagorne, D., & Mofor, L. (2003). Application of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater modelling of large semi-arid areas: example of the lake Chad Basin, Africa. In Hydrology of Mediterranean and Semiarid Regions Conferences (pp. 186–192). Montpellier, France.
Magesh, N. S., Chandrasekar, N., & Soundranayagam, J. P. (2012). Delineation of groundwater potential zones in Theni district, Tamil Nadu, using remote sensing, GIS and MIF techniques. Geoscience Frontiers, 3(2), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2011.10.007
Magowe, M., & Carr, J. R. (1999). Relationship between lineaments and ground water occurrence in Western Botswana. Ground Water, 37(2), 282–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00985.x
Mallast, U., Gloaguen, R., Geyer, S., Rodiger, T., & Siebert, C. (2011). Semi-automatic extraction of lineaments from remote sensing data and the derivation of groundwater flow-paths. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 8, 1399– 1431. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-1399-2011
Manghany, M., Mansor, S., & Hashim, M. (2009). Geologic mapping of the United Arab Emirates using multispectral remotely sensed data. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2009.476.480
Moawad, B. M. (2008). Applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems in geomorphological studies: Safaga-El Quseir area, Red Sea, Egypt as an example. VDM Verlag Dr Muller.
Nigeria Geological Survey Agency. (2010). The Geological map of Nigeria, Abuja. https://ngsa.gov.ng/geological-maps/
Nigerian Population Commission. (2006). 2010 Projection.
O’Leary, D. W., Friedman, J. D., & Pohn, H. A. (1976). Lineament, linear, lineation: some proposed new standards for old terms. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87(10), 1463–1469. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1463:LLLSPN> 2.0.CO;2
Ojoh, K. A. (1992). The southern part of Benue Trough (Nigeria) Cretaceous stratigraphy, basin analysis, paleo-oceanography and geodynamics evolution in equatorial domain of the South Atlantic. The Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists Bulletin, 7, 131–152.
Okeke, F. I., & Enoh, M. A. (2016). Analyzing the effect of hydrocarbon seepage on vegetation in Ugwueme town, Awgu Local Government Area of Enugu State using Normalized Differencing Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold classification method. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education, 2(2), 2454–6119.
Okeke, H. C. (2006). Elemental and physicochemical analysis of crude oil extract from Ugwueme tar sand deposit. https://www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals/the%20nigerian%20academic%20forum/Okeke80.pdf
Okieimen, C. O., & Okieimen, F. E. (2005). Bioremediation of crude oil- polluted soil: effect of poutry droppings and natural rubber processing sludge application on biodegrading of petroleum hydrocarbons. Environmental Sciences, 12(1), 1–8.
Onyedim, G. C., & Ocan, O. O. (2001). Correlation of SPOT imager lineaments with geological fractures in parts of Ilesha area, southern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 37, 15–22.
OSGOF. (2019). Office of the Surveyor General of the Federation. Abuja, Nigeria. https://osgof.gov.ng/
PCI Geomatica. (2015). Users’ manual.
Reyment, R. A. (1965). Aspects of the geology of Nigeria (pp. 48– 60). University of Ibadan Press.
Sabins, F. (1997). Remote sensing: principles and interpretation (2nd ed.). Freeman.
Schumacher, D. (1999). Surface geochemical exploration for petroleum. In Treatise of Petroleum Geology handbook (pp. 18–27). American Association of Petroleum Geologist. https://doi.org/10.1306/TrHbk624C19
Shi, P. L., Fu, B. H., & Ninomiya, Y. (2010). Detecting lithology features from ASTER VNIR – SWIR multispectral data in the arid region: A case study in the Eastern Kalpin uplift, Southern Tian Shan. Chinese Journal of Geology, 45(1), 333–347.
Simpson, A. (1954). The Nigerian coalfield: The geology of parts of Onitsha, Owerri and Benue provinces. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Nigeria, 24.
Solomon, S. (2003). Remote sensing and GIS: Applications for groundwater potential assessment in Eritrea [PhD thesis]. Department of Environment and Natural Resources Information System, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Thannoun, R. G. (2013). Automatic extraction and geospatial analysis of lineaments and their tectonic significance in some areas of Northern Iraq using remote sensing techniques and GIS. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering, 2(2), 1–11.
Tweed, S. O., Leblanc, M., Webb, J. A., & Lubczynski, M. W. (2007). Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments, southeastern Australia. Hydrogeology Journal, 15, 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0129-x
USGS. (2019). United States Geological Survey database. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
Viessman, M., Harbaught, T. E., & Knapp, J. W. (1972). Introduction to hydrology. Education publishers.
Vittala, S., Govindaiah, S., & Gowda, H. H. (2005). Evaluation of groundwater potential zones in the sub-watersheds of north Pennar river basin around Pavagada, Karnataka, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 33(4), 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990733
Wang, J., & Howarth, P. J. (1990). Use of the Hough transform in automated lineament detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(4), 561–567. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.1990.572949
Yeh, H.-F., Cheng, Y.-S., Lin, H.-I., & Lee, C.-H. (2016). Mapping groundwater recharge potential zone using a GIS approach in Hualian River, Taiwan. Sustainable Environment Research, 26(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serj.2015.09.005