Assessment of acoustic and thermal properties of airtight wooden windows used in Baltic and Scandinavian countries
Abstract
Windows are the one of the most important elements of a building envelope. Windows with appropriate acoustic and thermal properties can guarantee comfort and protection of indoor environment. The sound and thermal insulation of windows are influenced by various factors and one of them is air tightness. The aim of this study was to assess if airtight typical wooden windows used in Baltic and Scandinavian countries always have both good acoustic and thermal properties. For this purpose, sound reduction index (characterizes acoustic properties), thermal transmittance (characterizes thermal insulation properties) and air permeability (characterizes air tightness) of windows were determined in the laboratory. The results showed that airtight windows have various acoustic and thermal properties. This means that there is a negligible relationship between air permeability and acoustic properties, also between air permeability and thermal properties of windows.
Keyword : indoor environment, windows, Baltic, Scandinavian, airtight, acoustic properties, thermal properties
How to Cite
Miškinis, K., Bliūdžius, R., Dikavičius, V., & Burlingis, A. (2019). Assessment of acoustic and thermal properties of airtight wooden windows used in Baltic and Scandinavian countries. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(3), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2019.10793
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Van Den Bergh, S., Hart, R., Jelle, B. P., & Gustavsen, A. (2013). Window spacers and edge seals in insulating glass units: a state-of-the-art study and future perspectives. Energy and Buildings, 58, 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.006
Van Den Bossche, N., & Janssens, A. (2016). Airtightness and watertightness of window frames: comparison of performance and requirements. Building and Environment, 110, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.034
Van Den Bossche, N., Huyghe, W., Moens, J., Janssens, A., & Depaepe, M. (2012). Airtightness of the window–wall interface in cavity brick walls. Energy and Buildings, 45, 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.022
Varshney, K., Rosa, J. E., Shapiro, I., & Scott, D. (2013). Air-infiltration measurements in buildings using sound transmission loss through small apertures. International Journal of Green Energy, 10, 482-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2012.675603
Baldinelli, G., Asdrubali, F., Baldassarri, C., Bianchi, F., D’Alessandro, F., Schiavoni, S., & Basilicata, C. (2014). Energy and environmental performance optimization of a wooden window: a holistic approach. Energy and Buildings, 79, 114-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.010
Blasco, M., Belis, J., & Den Bleecker, H. (2011). Acoustic failure analysis of windows in buildings. Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, 1761-1774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2011.03.027
Buratti, C., Barelli, L., & Moretti, E. (2013). Wooden windows: Sound insulation evaluation by means of artificial neural networks. Applied Acoustics, 74(5), 740-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.12.001
Cuce, E., & Riffat, S. B. (2015). A state-of-the-art study on innovative glazing technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 695-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.084
European Union. (2002). Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise – Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32002L0049
European Union. (2010). Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32010L0031
Garg, N., Kumar, A., & Maji, S. (2013). Significance and implications of airborne sound insulation criteria in building elements for traffic noise abatement. Applied Acoustics, 74, 1429-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2013.05.012
Granzotto, F., Bettarello, F., Ferluga, A., Marsich, L., Schmid, C., Fausti, P., & Caniato, M. (2017). Energy and acoustic performances of windows and their correlation. Energy and Buildings, 136, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.024
Ionescu, C., Baracu, T., Vlad, G. E., Necula, H., & Badea, A. (2015). The historical evolution of the energy efficient buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.062
Iordache, V., & Catalina, T. (2012). Acoustic approach for building air permeability estimation. Building and Environment, 57, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.04.008
Konroyd-Bolden, E., & Liao, Z. (2015). Thermal window insulation. Energy and Buildings, 109, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.10.005
Kull, T. M., Mauring, T., & Tkaczyk, A. H. (2015). Energy balance calculation of window glazings in the northern latitudes using long-term measured climatic data. Energy Conversion and Management, 89, 896-906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.10.058
Kurra, S., & Dal, L. (2012). Sound insulation design by using noise maps. Building and Environment, 49, 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.006
Lithuanian Standards Board. (1994). Thermal insulation − Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties − Calibrated and guarded hot box (LST EN ISO 8990). Retrieved from http://lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (1999). Windows and doors − Air permeability – Classification (LST EN 12207). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt/index.php?-816496186
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2000). Windows and doors − Air permeability − Test method (LST EN 1026). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt/index.php?711853454
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2010a). Acoustics − Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements − Part 1: Application rules for specific products (LST EN ISO 10140-1). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2010b). Acoustics − Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements − Part 2: Measurement of airborne sound insulation (LST EN ISO 10140-2). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2010c). Acoustics − Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements − Part 4: Measurement procedures and requirements (LST EN ISO 10140-4). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2010d). Acoustics − Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements − Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment (LST EN ISO 10140-5). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2010e). Thermal performance of windows and doors − Determination of thermal transmittance by the hot-box method − Part 1: Complete windows and doors (LST EN ISO 12567-1). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Lithuanian Standards Board. (2013). Acoustics − Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements − Part 1: Airborne sound insulation (LST EN ISO 717-1). Retrieved from http://www.lsd.lt
Mateus, D., Pereira, A., & Tadeu, A. (2013). Acoustic behavior of high acoustic performance window glazing. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 61, 320-329. https://doi.org/10.3397/1/3761027
Nurzyński, J. (2003). Influence of sealing on the acoustic performance of PVC windows. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Building Physics (pp. 595-604). Belgium.
Park, K. H., & Kim, H. (2015). Acoustic insulation performance of improved airtight windows. Construction and Building Materials, 93, 542-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.058
Rasmussen, B., & Gerretsen, E. (2014). Proposal for an acoustic classification scheme for housing. In COST Action TU0901 − Building acoustics throughout Europe. Volume 1: Towards a common framework in building acoustics throughout Europe (pp. 80-100). DiScript Preimpresion, S. L.
Rodríguez-Soria, B., Domínguez-Hernández, J., Pérez-Bella, J. M., & Coz Diaz, J. J. (2014). Review of international regulations governing the thermal insulation requirements of residential buildings and the harmonization of envelope energy loss. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.009
Sadineni, S. B., Madala, S., & Boehm, R. F. (2011). Passive building energy savings: a study of building envelope components. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 3617-3631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.014
Van Den Bergh, S., Hart, R., Jelle, B. P., & Gustavsen, A. (2013). Window spacers and edge seals in insulating glass units: a state-of-the-art study and future perspectives. Energy and Buildings, 58, 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.006
Van Den Bossche, N., & Janssens, A. (2016). Airtightness and watertightness of window frames: comparison of performance and requirements. Building and Environment, 110, 129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.034
Van Den Bossche, N., Huyghe, W., Moens, J., Janssens, A., & Depaepe, M. (2012). Airtightness of the window–wall interface in cavity brick walls. Energy and Buildings, 45, 32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.022
Varshney, K., Rosa, J. E., Shapiro, I., & Scott, D. (2013). Air-infiltration measurements in buildings using sound transmission loss through small apertures. International Journal of Green Energy, 10, 482-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2012.675603