Exchange characteristics of an anthropogenically modified lagoon: an Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling case study with an emphasis on the number of particles
Abstract
The transport pathways and exchange characteristics of the Kamil Abdüş Lagoon in Istanbul, Turkey, are simulated using a finite element model with a Lagrangian particle tracking module. The lagoon is in the process of being reconfigured. The simulations are performed using a draft configuration. The effect of winds and the number of particles on the e-folding time is simulated. Results show that the lagoon is strongly dominated by winds with a correlation coefficient of 0.897 between the wind and residual current magnitudes. The lagoon e-folds in 9.1 days under realistic winds and in 14.3 days when there is no wind with confidence levels of 5%. The Lagrangian study uses six simulations with particle numbers ranging between 65073 and 2730486. A methodology based on confidence levels is proposed. It is observed that approximately 784 000 particles are necessary to obtain 5% level of confidence. With a problematic history and new planning options, the lagoon has a potential to be used as an example setting, all-field study ground for anthropogenically engineered coastal ecosystems.
Keyword : particle tracking, number of particles, Lagrangian, exchange, residence time, wind, restoration, lagoon, numerical model, Tuzla
How to Cite
Tansel Büyükçelebi, B., Karabay, H., & Bilgili, A. (2021). Exchange characteristics of an anthropogenically modified lagoon: an Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling case study with an emphasis on the number of particles. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.15237
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Bilgili, A., Smith, K. W., & Lynch, D. R. (2006). BatTri: A twodimensional bathymetry-based unstructured triangular grid generator for finite element circulation modeling. Computers & Geosciences, 32(5), 632–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.09.007
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Blanton, B. O. (1995). Drog3d: User’s manual for 3-dimensional drogue tracking on a finite element grid with linear finite elements. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Chagaris, D., Sagarese, S., Farmer, N., Mahmoudi, B., De Mutsert, K., Vanderkooy, S., Patterson, W. F., Kilgour, M., Schueller, A., Ahrens, R., & Lauretta, M. (2019). Management challenges are opportunities for fisheries ecosystem models in the Gulf of Mexico. Marine Policy, 101, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.033
Chen, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2007). Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces. Atmospheric Environment, 41(25), 5236–5248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.086
Cucco, A., & Umgiesser, G. (2006). Modeling the Venice Lagoon residence time. Ecological Modelling, 193(1–2), 34–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.043
Cucco, A., Umgiesser, G., Ferrarin, C., Perilli, A., Canu, D. M., & Solidoro, C. (2009). Eulerian and Lagrangian transport time scales of a tidal active coastal basin. Ecological Modelling, 220(7), 913–922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.01.008
Deleersnijder, E., Campin, J. M., & Delhez, E. J. M. (2001). The concept of age in marine modeling. I. Theory and preliminary model results. Journal of Marine Systems, 28(3–4), 229–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(01)00026-4
Delele, M. A., Jaeken, C., Debaer, C., Baetens, K., Melese Endalew, A., Ramon, H., Nicola, B. M., & Verboven, P. (2016). CFD prototyping of an air-assisted orchard sprayer aimed at drift reduction. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 55(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2006.11.002
Delhez, E. J. M., De Brye, B., De Brauwere, A., & Deleersnijder, E. (2014). Residence time vs influence time. Journal of Marine Systems, 132, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.12.005
Dias, J. M., Lopes, J. F., & Dekeyser, I. (2001). Lagrangian transport of particles in Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 26(9), 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00076-4
Diez, M., Mösso, C., Sierra, J. P., Mestres, M., Sanchez-Arcilla, A., Rodriguez, A., Bezerra, M. O., & Redondo, J. M. (1998). Estimation of dispersion coefficients in low wave energy surf zone using video images. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Littoral 98 (pp. 535–542), Barcelona, Spain.
Edwards, K. P., Hare, J. A., Werner, F. E., & Blanton, B. O. (2006). Lagrangian circulation on the Southeast US Continental Shelf: Implications for larval dispersal and retention. Continental Shelf Research, 26(12–13), 1375–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.020
Eheart, J. W. (2006). Some numerical properties of explicit solutions to the one-dimensional conservation equation. Water International, 31(2), 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2006.9709675
Erturk, S. N., Bilgili, A., Swift, M. R., Brown, W. S., Çelikkol, B., Ip, J. T. C., & Lynch, D. R. (2002). Simulation of the Great Bay Estuarine System: Tides with tidal flats wetting and drying. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 107(5), 6-1–6-10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000883
Ferrarin, C., Bellafiore, D., Sannino, G., Bajo, M., & Umgiesser, G. (2018). Tidal dynamics in the inter-connected Mediterra nean, Marmara, Black and Azov seas. Progress in Oceanography, 161, 102–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.02.006
Fugate, D. C., Friedrichs, C. T., & Bilgili, A. (2006). Estimation of residence time in a shallow back barrier lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia, USA. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling (pp. 319–337). Charleston, South Carolina. https://doi.org/10.1061/40876(209)19
Graham, D. I., & Moyeed, R. A. (2002). How many particles for my Lagrangian simulations. Powder Technology, 125(2–3), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00504-6
Gosselin, F., Cordonnier, T., Bilger, I., Jappiot, M., Chauvin, C., & Gosselin, M. (2018). Ecological research and environmental management: We need different interfaces based on different knowledge types. Journal of Environmental Management, 218, 388–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.025
Guyondet, T., & Koutitonsky, V. G. (2008). Tidal and residual circulations in coupled restricted and Leaky Lagoons. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 77(3), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.009
Harms, I. H., Karcher, M. J., & Burchard, H. (2003). Modelling radioactivity in the marine environment: The application of hydrodynamic circulation models for simulating oceanic dispersion of radioactivity. In E. M. Scott (Ed.), Modelling radioactivity in the environment (Vol. 4, pp. 55–85). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-4860(03)80059-1
Hoyer, A. B., Wittman, M. E., Chandra, S., Schladow, S. G., & Rueda, F. J. (2014). A 3D individual-based aquatic transport model for the assessment of the potential dispersal of Planktonic Larvae of an Invasive Bivalve. Journal of Environmental Management, 145(12), 330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.011
Huggett, R. D., Purdie, D. A., & Haigh, I. D. (2020). Modelling the influence of Riverine inputs on the circulation and flushing times of small shallow estuaries. Estuaries and Coasts, 44, 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00776-3
Inoue, M., & Wiseman Jr., W. J. (2000). Transport, mixing and stirring processes in a Louisiana estuary: A model study. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 50(4), 449–466. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0587
Ip, J. T. C., Lynch, D. R., & Friedrichs, C. T. (1998). Simulation of estuarine flooding and dewatering with application to Great Bay, New Hampshire. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 47(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1998.0352
Larson, M. R., Foreman, M. G. G., Levings, C. D., & Tarbotton, M. R. (2003). Dispersion of discharged ship ballast water in Vancouver Harbor, Juan De Fuca Strait, and offshore of the Washington Coast. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2(3), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1139/S03-014
Lynch, D. R., Greenberg, D. A., Bilgili, A., McGillicuddy Jr., D. J., Manning, J. P., & Aretxabaleta, A. L. (2015). Particles in the coastal ocean: Theory and applications. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107449336
McLaughlin, J. M., Bilgili, A., & Lynch, D. R. (2003). Numerical modeling of tides in the Great Bay Estuarine System: Dynamical balance and spring–neap residual modulation. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 57(1–2), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00355-4
Musiu, E. M., Qi, L., & Wu, Y. (2019). Evaluation of droplets size distribution and velocity pattern using Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2019.104886
Ozbahceci, B. O. (2020). Extreme value statistics of wind speed and wave height of the Marmara Sea based on combined radar altimeter data. Advances in Space Research, 66(10), 2302– 2318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.08.025
Ozturk, H. (2005). Metropolitan development on drought history of the Tuzla Lake, Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, 212, 255–262. https://doi.org/10.2112/03-0074.1
Pascal, P., & Oesterlé, B. (2000). On the dispersion of discrete particles moving in a turbulent shear flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(2), 293–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(99)00019-1
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