Dynamic simulation and ranking of using residential-scale solar water heater in Iran
Abstract
A decrease in the utilization of fossil energies, mainly by replacing them with renewable energy sources (RESs), is regarded as a potential energy source in today’s applications. RESs are broadly utilized for heating purposes and particularly with applications in solar water heater (SWH). Despite the accessibility of SWH technologies and their affordable prices in Iran, there is no comprehensive study to explain the potential of Iranian regions to supply hot water for household applications. This one-year work, hence, attempts the first dynamical simulation of a solar heating system to provide sanitary hot water (SHW) as well as hot water demanded to heat 47 stations in Iran. Weather data were extracted from METEONORM and environmental-technical analyses performed by thermal solar (TSOL) software. Stations were ranked based on CCR and BCC models in data envelopment analysis (DEA) method using GAMS V 24.1. As with results, a total of 223.1 MWh solar heat is generated annually from all stations that prevent the emission of 64.5 t CO2 every year. According to CCR and BCC models, Bandar Abbas, Chabahar, Fasa, Iranshahr, Kermanshah, Khoramabad, Sarab, Shahr-e-kord, Yasuj, Zanjan, and Zahedan are the best in this regard. Also according to the economic analysis, the average price of home solar heating in Iran is 0.160 $/kWh.
Keyword : solar water heater, Iran, data envelopment analysis (DEA), solar fraction, ranking
How to Cite
Rezapour, S., Jahangiri, M., Shahrezaie, A. G., Goli, A., Farsani, R. Y., Almutairi, K., Ao, H. X., Hosseini Dehshiri, S. J., Hosseini Dehshiri, S. S., Mostafaeipour, A., & Techato, K. (2022). Dynamic simulation and ranking of using residential-scale solar water heater in Iran. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 30(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.15483
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Du, K., Calautit, J., Wang, Z., Wu, Y., & Liu, H. (2018). A review of the applications of phase change materials in cooling, heating and power generation in different temperature ranges. Applied Energy, 220, 242–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.005
Gautam, A., Chamoli, S., Kumar, A., & Singh, S. (2017). A review on technical improvements, economic feasibility and world scenario of solar water heating system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, 541–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.104
International Energy Agency. (2015). Energy and climate change (World energy outlook special report). OECD/IEA.
International Energy Agency. (2017). World energy outlook, 2017 (report). IEA, OECD.
Iranmanesh, S., Ong, H. C., Ang, B. C., Sadeghinezhad, E., Esmaeilzadeh, A., & Mehrali, M. (2017). Thermal performance enhancement of an evacuated tube solar collector using graphene nanoplatelets nanofluid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.175
Jahangiri, M., Alidadi Shamsabadi, A., & Saghaei, H. (2018). Comprehensive evaluation of using solar water heater on a household scale in Canada. Journal of Renewable Energy and Environment, 5(1), 35–42.
Jamar, A., Majid, Z. A. A., Azmi, W. H., Norhafana, M., & Razak, A. A. (2016). A review of water heating system for solar energy applications. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 76, 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.05.028
Khan, M. M. A., Ibrahim, N. I., Mahbubul, I. M., Ali, H. M., Saidur, R., & Al-Sulaiman, F. A. (2018). Evaluation of solar collector designs with integrated latent heat thermal energy storage: A review. Solar Energy, 166, 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.03.014
Liu, J., Ding, F. Y., & Lall, V. (2000). Using data envelopment analysis to compare suppliers for supplier selection and performance improvement. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5(3), 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540010338893
Mahbubul, I. M., Khan, M. M. A., Ibrahim, N. I., Ali, H. M., Al-Sulaiman, F. A., & Saidur, R. J. R. E. (2018). Carbon nanotube nanofluid in enhancing the efficiency of evacuated tube solar collector. Renewable Energy, 121, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.006
Mamouri, S. J., & Bénard, A. (2018). New design approach and implementation of solar water heaters: A case study in Michigan. Solar Energy, 162, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.01.028
Marefati, M., Mehrpooya, M., & Shafii, M. B. (2018). Optical and thermal analysis of a parabolic trough solar collector for production of thermal energy in different climates in Iran with comparison between the conventional nanofluids. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 294–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.080
Modi, A., Bühler, F., Andreasen, J. G., & Haglind, F. (2017). A review of solar energy based heat and power generation systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 1047–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.075
Mohammadi, K., Mostafaeipour, A., Dinpashoh, Y., & Poura, N. (2014). Electricity generation and energy cost estimation of large-scale wind turbines in Jarandagh, Iran. Journal of Energy, 2014, 613681. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/613681
Mohammadi, S. M., Mortezapour, H., & Jafari, N. K. (2017). Numerical analysis of using hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar water heater in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 7, 221–233.
Mollahosseini, A., Hosseini, S. A., Jabbari, M., Figoli, A., & Rahimpour, A. (2017). Renewable energy management and market in Iran: A holistic review on current state and future demands. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 774–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.236
Mostafaeipour, A., & Abesi, S. (2010, March 7–13). Wind turbine productivity and development in Iran. In 2010 International Conference on Biosciences, Cancun, Mexico. https://doi.org/10.1109/BioSciencesWorld.2010.30
Mostafaeipour, A., Zarezade, M., Goudarzi, H., Rezaei-Shouroki, M., & Qolipour, M. (2017). Investigating the factors on using the solar water heaters for dry arid regions: A case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.102
Our World in Data. (n.d.). BP statistical; Review of Global Energy 2020, Cumulative installed solar capacity, measured in gigawatts (GW). Retrieved April 13, 2021, from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/installed-solar-pv-capacity
Pahlavan, S., Jahangiri, M., Alidadi Shamsabadi, A., & Khechekhouche, A. (2018). Feasibility study of solar water heaters in Algeria, a review. Journal of Solar Energy Research, 3(2), 135–146.
Pandey, K. M., & Chaurasiya, R. (2017). A review on analysis and development of solar flat plate collector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.078
Sardouei, M. M., Mortezapour, H., & Naeimi, K. J. (2018). Temperature distribution and efficiency assessment of different PVT water collector designs. Sādhanā, 43(6), 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-018-0826-x
Shahsavari, A., Yazdi, F. T., & Yazdi, H. T. (2019). Potential of solar energy in Iran for carbon dioxide mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(1), 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1779-7
Solar resource maps of Iran. (2020). Global Horizontal Irradiation map. Solargis. Retrieved February 08, 2020, from https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/iran
Teamah, H. M., Lightstone, M. F., & Cotton, J. S. (2018). Potential of cascaded phase change materials in enhancing the performance of solar domestic hot water systems. Solar Energy, 159, 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.034
Uctug, F. G., & Azapagic, A. (2018). Life cycle environmental impacts of domestic solar water heaters in Turkey: The effect of different climatic regions. Science of the Total Environment, 622, 1202–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.057
Varghese, J., & Manjunath, K. (2017). A parametric study of a concentrating integral storage solar water heater for domestic uses. Applied Thermal Engineering, 111, 734–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.127
Yousef Nezhad, M. E., & Hoseinzadeh, S. (2017). Mathematical modelling and simulation of a solar water heater for an aviculture unit using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 9(6), 063702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5010828
Zarezade, M., & Mostafaeipour, A. (2016). Identifying the effective factors on implementing the solar dryers for Yazd province, Iran. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 765–775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.060
Zhou, D., & Zhao, C. Y. (2011). Experimental investigations on heat transfer in phase change materials (PCMs) embedded in porous materials. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(5), 970–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.11.022