A polypropylene-degrading Psychrobacillus strain isolated from a landfill
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used plastics around the world. However, PP is recalcitrant to degradation under natural conditions, and its accumulation is increasingly threatening the environment. The stain LICME-ZWZR-10 was isolated from a landfill using PP as its sole carbon source. It was found to share 99.50% genetic similarity with Psychrobacillus sp. AK 1817. Upon incubation with Psychrobacillus sp. LICME-ZWZR-10, PP particles developed a rough surface with depressions and cracks, which were discerned through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At a moderate temperature of 20 °C, this strain successfully degraded PP particles with an average diameter of 850 μm, leading to a 9±0.40% reduction in particle weight over a span of 30 days. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) released the emergence of carbonyl and ether-based functional groups on PP. Furthermore, genomic analysis unveiled the presence of a laccase-encoding gene in Psychrobacillus sp. LICME-ZWZR-10, suggesting its potential involvement in the biodegradation of PP.
Keyword : polypropylene, Psychrobacillus sp., biodegradation, genomic analysis
How to Cite
Li, Y., Zhao, J., Wang, P., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2024). A polypropylene-degrading Psychrobacillus strain isolated from a landfill. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 32(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2024.20966
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Cho, J. Y., Park, S. L., Kim, S. H., Jung, H. J., Cho, D., Kim, B. C., Bhatia, S. K., Gurav, R., Park, S. H., Park, K., & Yang, Y. H. (2022). Novel Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-degrading Bacillus sp. JY35 from wastewater sludge and its broad degradation of various bioplastics. Waste Management, 144, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.003
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Craig, I. H., White, J. R., & Kin, P. C. (2005). Crystallization and chemi-crystallization of recycled photo-degraded polypropylene. Polymer, 46(2), 505–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.019
Delre, A., Goudriaan, M., Morales, V. H., Vaksmaa, A., Ndhlovu, R. T., Baas, M., Keijzer, E., de Groot, T., Zeghal, E., Egger, M., Röckmann, T., & Niemann, H. (2023). Plastic photodegradation under simulated marine conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 187, Article 114544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114544
Devi, K. N., Raju, P., Santhanam, P., Kumar, S. D., Krishnaveni, N., Roopavathy, J., & Perumal, P. (2021). Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene by microbes isolated from Vaigai River, Madurai, India. Archives of Microbiology, 203(10), 6253–6265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02592-0
Faiza, W., Firouzi, A., Islam, M. R., Sumdani, G., & Taher, A. (2021). Degradation analysis of epoxy resin composites reinforced with bioprotein: Effects of hydrolysis using papain and bromelain. Polymer Composites, 42(6), 2717–2727. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26007
Ghatge, S., Yang, Y., Ahn, J.-H., & Hur, H.-G. (2020). Biodegradation of polyethylene: A brief review. Applied Biological Chemistry, 63(1), Article 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-020-00511-3
Guo, Y., Zhou, J., Tang, Y., Ma, Q., Zhang, J., Ji, C., & Zhao, L. (2020). Characterization and genome analysis of a zearalenone-degrading Bacillus velezensis strain ANSB01E. Current Microbiology, 77(2), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-019-01811-8
Habib, S., Iruthayam, A., Abd Shukor, M. Y., Alias, S. A., Smykla, J., & Yasid, N. A. (2020). Biodeterioration of untreated polypropylene microplastic particles by Antarctic bacteria. Polymers, 12(11), Article 2616. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112616
Islam, M. R., Beg, M. D. H., & Gupta, A. (2013). Characterization of laccase-treated kenaf fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene composites. Bioresources, 8(3), 3753–3770. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.3.3753-3770
Jeon, H. J., & Kim, M. N. (2016). Isolation of mesophilic bacterium for biodegradation of polypropylene. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 115, 244–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.08.025
Jeon, J. M., Park, S. J., Choi, T. R., Park, J. H., Yang, Y. H., & Yoon, J. J. (2021). Biodegradation of polyethylene and polypropylene by Lysinibacillus species JJY0216 isolated from soil grove. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 191, Article 109662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109662
Kalčíková, G. (2020). Aquatic vascular plants – A forgotten piece of nature in microplastic research. Environmental Pollution, 262, Article 114354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114354
Kato, C., Honma, A., Sato, S., Okura, T., Fukuda, R., & Nogi, Y. (2019). Poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate films can be degraded by the deep-sea microbes at high pressure and low temperature conditions. High Pressure Research, 39(2), 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957959.2019.1584196
Kedzierski, M., Lechat, B., Sire, O., Le Maguer, G., Le Tilly, V., & Bruzaud, S. (2020). Microplastic contamination of packaged meat: Occurrence and associated risks. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 24, Article 100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100489
Kowalczyk, A., Chyc, M., Ryszka, P., & Latowski, D. (2017). Erratum to: Achromobacter xylosoxidans as a new microorganism strain colonizing high-density polyethylene as a key step to its biodegradation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(6), Article 5985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8267-8
Lim, B. K. H., & San Thian, E. (2022). Biodegradation of polymers in managing plastic waste – A review. Science of the Total Environment, 813, Article 151880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151880
Liu, X. R., Zhang, Y. M., Sun, Q. F., Liu, Z. H., Zhao, Y. L., Fan, A. L., & Su, H. J. (2022). Rapid colonization and biodegradation of untreated commercial polyethylene wrap by a new strain of Bacillus velezensis C5. Journal of Environmental Management, 301, Article 113848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113848
Lozano, Y. M., & Rillig, M. C. (2020). Effects of microplastic fibers and drought on plant communities. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(10), 6166–6173. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01051
Lucas, N., Bienaime, C., Belloy, C., Queneudec, M., Silvestre, F., & Nava-Saucedo, J. E. (2008). Polymer biodegradation: Mechanisms and estimation techniques. Chemosphere, 73(4), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.064
Nakatani, H., Ohshima, Y., Uchiyama, T., & Suguru, M. (2022). Degradation and fragmentation behavior of polypropylene and polystyrene in water. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 18501. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23435-y
Pham, V. H. T., Jeong, S. W., & Kim, J. (2015). Psychrobacillus soli sp. nov., capable of degrading oil, isolated from oil-contaminated soil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 65, 3046–3052. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000375
Pires, J. P., Miranda, G. M., de Souza, G. L., Fraga, F., Ramos, A. D., de Araujo, G. E., Ligabue, R. A., Azevedo, C. M. N., Lourega, R. V., & de Lima, J. E. A. (2019). Investigation of degradation of polypropylene in soil using an enzymatic additive. Iranian Polymer Journal, 28(12), 1045–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-019-00766-8
Rana, A. K., Thakur, M. K., Saini, A. K., Mokhta, S. K., Moradi, O., Rydzkowski, T., Alsanie, W. F., Wang, Q. L., Grammatikos, S., & Thakur, V. K. (2022). Recent developments in microbial degradation of polypropylene: Integrated approaches towards a sustainable environment. Science of the Total Environment, 826, Article 154056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154056
Ren, L., Men, L., Zhang, Z., Guan, F., Tian, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2019). Biodegradation of polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the guts of wax moth Galleria mellonella. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), Article 1941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111941
Ru, J., Huo, Y., & Yang, Y. (2020). Microbial degradation and valorization of plastic wastes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, Article 442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00442
Santo, M., Weitsman, R., & Sivan, A. (2013). The role of the copper-binding enzyme – laccase – in the biodegradation of polyethylene by the actinomycete Rhodococcus ruber. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 84, 204–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.03.001
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