Effects of evergreen trees on mental restorative quality of winter landscapes
Abstract
Compared with other seasons, winter usually has low mental restorative quality due to the lack of greenness. Reasonably adding evergreen trees to winter landscapes can improve the quality. However, what proportion, species and planting site of evergreen trees are better for mental restoration? To address this question, two original pictures (describing two landscape types) and 24 manipulated pictures (including three categories and four grades of proportion of evergreen trees) were collected, and 381 respondents were employed to score the mental restorative quality of each picture. The results revealed that planting evergreen trees in the landscape with water was more efficient in promoting mental restoration than planting them in the landscape without water. Adding broad-leaved evergreen trees was much better than adding coniferous trees and the mixture of the two. And, for the landscape with water, moderate proportion of evergreen trees possessed significantly higher mental restoration than low or high proportion.
Keyword : mental restoration, evergreen tree, landscape type, tree species, winter landscape
How to Cite
Zhao, J., Li, X., & Sha, B. (2024). Effects of evergreen trees on mental restorative quality of winter landscapes. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 32(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2024.21837
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Lyons, E. (1983). Demographic correlates of landscape preference. Environment and Behavior, 15, 487–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916583154005
Magnusson, A., & Partonen, T. (2005). The diagnosis, symptomatology, and epidemiology of seasonal affective disorder. CNS Spectrums, 10, 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900019593
Mashizi, A. K., & Sharafatmandrad, M. (2023). Cultural services in arid landscapes. A comparative study based on people’s perception, southeast of Iran. Arid Land Research and Management, 37, 619–636. https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2023.2213671
Medvedev, O., Shepherd, D., & Hautus, M. J. (2015). The restorative potential of soundscapes: A physiological investigation. Applied Acoustics, 96, 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.03.004
Memari, S., Pazhouhanfar, M., & Nourtaghani, A. (2017). Relationship between perceived sensory dimensions and stress restoration in care settings. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 26, 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.06.003
Nordh, H., Hartig, T., Hagerhall, C. M., & Fry, G. (2009). Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 8, 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.06.003
Nutsford, D., Pearson, A. L., Kingham, S., & Reitsma, F. (2016). Residential exposure to visible blue space (but not green space) associated with lower psychological distress in a capital city. Health and Place, 39, 70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.03.002
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Paddle, E., & Gilliland, J. (2016). Orange is the new green: Exploring the restorative capacity of seasonal foliage in schoolyard trees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, Article 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050497
Palmer, J. F. (1990). Aesthetics of the northeastern forest: The influence of season and time since harvest. In T. More, M. P. Donnelly, D. A. Graefe, & J. J. Vaske (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1990 northeastern recreation researchers symposium (pp. 185–190). Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Palmer, J. F., & Hoffman, R. E. (2001). Rating reliability and representation validity in scenic landscape assessments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 54, 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00133-5
Park, B. J., Furuya, K., Kasetani, T., Takayama, N., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2011). Relationship between psychological responses and physical environments in forest settings. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.03.005
Pasanen, T. P., White, M. P., Wheeler, B. W., Garrett, J. K., & Elliott, L. R. (2019). Neighbourhood blue space, health and wellbeing: The mediating role of different types of physical activity. Environment International, 131, Article 105016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105016
Picavet, H. S., Milder, I., Kruize, H., de Vries, S., Hermans, T., & Wendel-Vos, W. (2016). Greener living environment healthier people?: Exploring green space, physical activity and health in the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Preventive Medicine, 89, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.021
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